Kankles are the oldest and most archaic of Lithuanian string instruments. They were thought to be associated with death. Lithuanians believed that in order to make sonorous kankles, the wood from which they were crafted had to be cut from a mature forest on the day that a loved one died. As the household mourned, the wood acquired depth and soul. Playing kankles was very much like meditating and was thought to protect the musician from death, disease and accidents. In general, only men played kankles and crafted their own instruments. In order to pass on old traditions, they explained the secrets of kankles crafting and playing to younger generations.

The kankles in the Baltic region became as symbol of national identity and recovery in 19th c. The instruments were improved for performing the music of new style.

After the II World War the kankles became as special instrument in Lithuanian Acdemy of Music. The kankles were widely used as instrument of the orchestra, various enssembles and playing solo. The repertoire was created by professional composers, who knew the specifical features the playing kankles very well.

The kankles at the present time have representing Lithuanian culture and art in all the world.